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JKS COVERAGE - BUSINESS COVERAGE ON BANKING & FINANCE: CAPITAL MARKETS (FICC) Fixed Income, Currencies and Commodities (FICC) provides a variety of trading, research, sales and financing services across the globe with an underlying specialization in interest rate, commodity or foreign exchange related institutional trading, marketing, lending, clearing or platform provision. FICC operates in most major trading and emerging markets around the world. EQUITIES (CASH) Cash equity is all about understanding the current status of an investment portfolio. Essentially, the cash equity is the net worth of all cash that could be derived from the investments and securities that are included in the portfolio. Monitoring the cash equity is a great way to make sure that the current mix of investments is working, as well as a good strategy in determining what to keep and what to sell. PRIVATE EQUITY (SPECIAL SITUATION GROUP) Private equity refers to a type of investment aimed at gaining significant, or even complete, control of a company in the hopes of earning a high return. As the name implies, private equity funds invest in assets that either are not owned publicly or that are publicly owned but the private equity buyer plans to take private. Though the money used to fund these investments comes from private markets, private equity firms invest in both privately and publicly held companies. The private equity industry has evolved substantially over the past decade or so. The basic principle has remained constant: a group of investors buy out a company and use that company's earnings to pay themselves back. What has changed are the sheer numbers of recent private equity deals. In the past ten years, the record for the most expensive buyout has been broken and re-broken several times. Private equity firms have been acquiring companies left and right, paying sometimes shockingly high premiums over these companies' market values. As a result, takeover targets are demanding exorbitant prices for their outstanding shares; with the massive buyouts that have made headlines around the world, companies now expect a certain premium over their current value. One example is Free-scale Semiconductor, who turned down a deal that paid a nearly 30% premium over its market value, holding out for a sweeter package, which it received. The sheer number of these high-priced deals that have occurred in recent years have led some to question whether this pace is sustainable in the long run. This could turn out to be a self-fulfilling prophecy; as concerns grow and people become less eager to invest in private equity deals, firms won't be able to raise the money to fund their acquisitions, essentially crippling the industry. INVESTMENT BANKING Investment banks help public and private institutions raise capital. Although many investment banks manage money for institutions and wealthy individuals, they are very different from "banks" that most people are familiar with. Investment banks do not have retail locations where they accept deposits and create accounts for the average consumer. Instead investment banks cater to companies and institutions, mainly by finding them sources of funding. Their services include arranging equity and debt offerings, providing credit facilities and "selling" securities to investors. They also advise institutions on a wide range of transactions, notably mergers and acquisitions. The clients of an investment bank benefit from the bank's access to investors, expertise in valuing assets and experience in executing transactions. Larger investment banks, such as Goldman Sachs, have their own sales and trading operation which allows them to generate additional revenue from market making and executing trades. Additionally, many investment banks provide asset management and brokerage services. These services are generally complementary. For example: an acquisition is often financed by a debt or equity offering. Similarly, having a sales & trading operation not only allows the bank to buy and sell securities on behalf of its clients but also to trade in other securities an earn a commission for market making. ASSET MANAGEMENT The management of a client's investments by a financial services company, usually an investment bank. The company will invest on behalf of its clients and give them access to a wide range of traditional and alternative product offerings that would not be to the average investor.
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